“As advancements in reproductive technology continue to evolve, Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) has emerged as a significant development in the field of in vitro fertilization (IVF). PGT allows couples undergoing IVF to assess the genetic health of embryos before implantation, significantly reducing the risk of genetic disorders and enhancing the likelihood of a successful pregnancy.
PGT involves the analysis of embryos created through IVF for specific genetic conditions. This testing can identify chromosomal abnormalities, such as aneuploidy, which occurs when embryos have an abnormal number of chromosomes. Research shows that nearly 30-50% of embryos in women over 35 may be aneuploid, contributing to increased risks of miscarriage and failed implantation. By utilizing PGT, healthcare providers can screen embryos and select the healthiest ones for transfer, improving the chances of a successful outcome.
There are several types of PGT, including PGT-A (for aneuploidy), PGT-M (for monogenic disorders), and PGT-SR (for structural rearrangements). PGT-M is particularly valuable for couples with a known family history of specific genetic disorders, enabling them to prevent the transmission of these conditions to their offspring. For instance, conditions like cystic fibrosis or sickle cell disease can be identified through this targeted testing.
The benefits of PGT extend beyond reducing the risk of genetic disorders. Studies indicate that PGT can enhance implantation rates and reduce the likelihood of miscarriage, particularly in women of advanced maternal age. By selecting genetically normal embryos, couples can achieve higher pregnancy rates, making the IVF process more efficient and emotionally rewarding.
Moreover, PGT empowers couples to make informed decisions about their reproductive health. Understanding the genetic risks associated with specific conditions allows for better family planning and can alleviate anxiety related to potential genetic disorders in children. Despite its benefits, it is essential for couples to consult with a fertility specialist to discuss the implications of PGT. Factors such as cost, emotional considerations, and ethical concerns should be taken into account. PGT can be an additional financial investment in the IVF process, but many couples view it as a worthwhile step toward ensuring the health of their future children.
In conclusion, Preimplantation Genetic Testing represents a promising advancement in IVF, significantly reducing the risk of genetic disorders. By providing valuable insights into embryo health, PGT enhances the chances of successful pregnancies while empowering couples with knowledge about their reproductive options. As technology continues to advance, PGT is poised to play an increasingly vital role in the journey toward parenthood.
(Author- Dr Navina Singh, IVF Specialist at Birla Fertility and IVF, Mumbai)”
